We go on with our submitting of a overview regarding the sources of European patronymics globally used at present. Next part is devoted to names that came from distant past.
• Old Continental Germanic: Some widely known forenames, such as Arnold, Baldwin, Millicent, Alice, Gertrude, Jocelyn, Hilda, and Matilda – every of which have settled cognates in German, Dutch, French, and other languages – originated in Germanic pre-history. It is possible to utilize Polish translator to find more. Names approached English by a shaded way. The paperwork language of the court of the Merovingian and Carolingian France (5th – 9th centuries) was Latin, but their everyday language was a Germanic variation, and their personal names were predominantly of Germanic etymology. These French personal names became set-up in medieval France and in due course were picked up by the Normannes who settled in Normandy in the 9th century. After the Norman occupation of Britain in 1066, these personal names were taken to England, where they noticeably pushed out traditional Anglo-Saxon personal names such as Ethelred and Athelthryth. A very new Anglo-Saxon personal names preserved, for example Edward, that was originated by King Edward the Confessor (c. 1002–1066; ruled 1042–1066), the ancestor of an Anglo-Saxon man and a Norman mother, who was revered by Anglo-Saxons and Normans alike. A rather different case is that of Alfred, an British patronymic that disappeared from use under the Vikings, but was revived in the 19th century in honor of the famous 9th-century Royal of Wessex.
• Ancient Norse: Ancient Norse is, certainly, a Germanic language, but its naming custom is quite original from that of mainland Germanic, and many traditional Norse forenames are still used in Scandinavia today, for example Olaf, Harald, Hakon. There has been much borrowing from German (e.g., Helga, Ingeborg). Several Nordic patronymics such as Ingrid have been adopted much more broadly. Many looked for service of Polish translation into Slavic. In the latter case, the film celebrity Ingrid Bergman (1915–1982) was a powerful influence.
• Old Slavic languages: Names that are Wojciech (Vojteˇch), BogusLaw (Bohuslav), and StanisLaw (Stanislav) are hardly used in the English-speaking world except among Slavic immigrants, but demonstrate a strong and independent Slavic tradition, with cognates in various Slavic languages. A lot of such names are pre-Bible, whereas others have been accepted by use as a saint’s name. Except where a saint has been involved, these names are not widely used in Russia, because there the Orthodox Church has long stood for using names associated with Christian saints, such as Fyodor (Theodore) and Dmitri. These are predominately of Greek origin. Among the Western Slavs (Poles, Czechs, Slovaks) and Southern Slavs (Serbs, Croatians, Slovenians, Bulgarians, etc.), each linguistic community of Slavic natives has its own characteristic set of traditional personal names, majority of which are of Slavic origin.
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Apr